<p>Opabin Lake is a body of water located at an elevation of 2,277m  in the mountains of Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, Canada.</p><br>
<p>Opabin Lake can be accessed by two climbing trails, the East Opabin trail and the West Opabin trail, which form a 6 km circuit beginning and ending at Lake O&#39;Hara. Both trails ascend approximately 250m (820 ft). East Opabin consists of switchbacks through the woods above Lake O&#39;Hara followed by an uphill hike alongside a stream fed by runoff from the snowy peaks. West Opabin involves a somewhat more rugged ascent, where the mossy woods yield to scree, stone steps, and open rocky paths cut into the slopes that offer vistas of Lake O&#39;Hara, Mary Lake, and the surrounding mountains. A third, alpine trail connects the East Opabin trail to nearby Lake Oesa.</p><br>
<h2>Opabin Plateau</h2><br>
<p>Opabin Lake is the major feature on the Opabin Plateau, a hanging valley located above and southeast of Lake O&#39;Hara. The plateau is crossed with trails and streams and dotted with small lakes and ponds. The area is inhabited by whistling hoary marmots, pikas, weasels, ground squirrels, and reclusive wolverines.</p><br>
<p>The South Berwick Village Historic District encompasses the historic village center of South Berwick, Maine. First settled in the 1640s, the village developed along a major route between Boston, Massachusetts and Portland, Maine in the early 19th century. The village has about 150 years of architecture reflective of this history, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The village center of the town of South Berwick is located near its northwestern corner, on a plateau above the Salmon Falls River, which separates it from Rollinsford, New Hampshire. This land was first purchased by European settlers from local Native Americans in 1643. Located near the head of navigation of the Salmon Falls River, its early development was near the river, as a port from which lumber for ship masts was shipped to England. The area known as "The Plains", where the present village is located, developed later, as the road between Boston, Portsmouth, and Portland became more important in the late 18th century. It became a stagecoach stop on this route, and the town center migrated to the north of the original river-oriented village. The town center was devastated by fire in 1845, destroying many wood-frame commercial buildings, and resulting in the construction of some of the early brick commercial buildings that still stand.</p><br>
<p>The district&#39;s main focus is the very center of the village, at the junction of Main Street (Maine State Route 236) and Portland Street (Maine State Route 4). It radiates north, south, and east along these roads, and includes short stretches of Academy Street, Highland Avenue, and Agamenticus Road. Prominent features include the series of commercial buildings on the west side of Main Street, the Sarah Orne Jewett House (a museum and National Historic Landmark) at the northeast corner of Main and Portland, and a small memorial park near the eastern end of the district on Portland Street. Churches mark the northern and southern ends of the district, including the Free Will Baptist Church at the north end of Main Street, and the Federated Church and Baptist Church at the southern end.</p><br>
<p>The Lesser Sunda Islands or Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara or Kepulauan Sunda Kecil  are a group of islands in Maritime Southeast Asia, north of Australia. Together with the Greater Sunda Islands to the west they make up the Sunda Islands. The islands are part of a volcanic arc, the Sunda Arc, formed by subduction along the Sunda Trench in the Java Sea.</p><br>
<p>The main Lesser Sunda Islands are, from west to east: Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor, Alor archipelago, Barat Daya Islands, and Tanimbar Islands.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The Lesser Sundas comprise many islands, most of which are part of Indonesia and are administered as the provinces of Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara and southern part of Maluku.</p><br>
<p>The eastern half of Timor is part of East Timor.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Lesser Sunda Islands consist of two geologically distinct archipelagos. The northern archipelago, which includes Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores and Wetar, is volcanic in origin. A number of these volcanoes, like Mount Rinjani on Lombok, are still active while others, such as Kelimutu on Flores with its three multi-coloured crater lakes, are extinct. The northern archipelago began to be formed during the Pliocene, about 15 million years ago, as a result of the collision between the Australian and the Asian plates. The islands of the southern archipelago, including Sumba, Timor and Babar, are non-volcanic and appear to belong to the Australian plate. The geology and ecology of the northern archipelago share a similar history, characteristics and processes with the southern Maluku Islands, which continue the same island arc to the east.</p><br>
<p>There is a long history of geological study of these regions since Indonesian colonial times; however, the geological formation and progression is not fully understood, and theories of the geological evolution of the islands changed extensively during the last decades of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Lying at the collision of two tectonic plates, the Lesser Sunda Islands comprise some of the most geologically complex and active regions in the world.</p><br>
<p>There are a number of volcanoes located on the Lesser Sunda Islands.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The Lesser Sunda Islands differ from the large islands of Java or Sumatra in consisting of many small islands, sometimes divided by deep oceanic trenches. Movement of flora and fauna between islands is limited, leading to the evolution of a high rate of localized species, most famously the Komodo dragon. As described by Alfred Wallace in The Malay Archipelago, the Wallace Line passes between Bali and Lombok, along the deep waters of the Lombok Strait which formed a water barrier even when lower sea levels linked the now-separated islands and landmasses on either side. The islands east of the Lombok Strait are part of Wallacea, and are thus characterised by a blend of wildlife of Asian and Australasian origin in this region. Asian species predominate in the Lesser Sundas: Weber&#39;s Line, which marks the boundary between the parts of Wallacea with mainly Asian and Australasian species respectively, runs to the east of the group. These islands have the driest climate in Indonesia.</p><br>
<h3>Deciduous forests</h3><br>
<p>A number of the islands east of the Wallace line, from Lombok and Sumbawa east to Flores and Alor, having original vegetation of dry forest rather than the rain forest that covers much of the Indonesian region, have been designated by the World Wildlife Fund as the Lesser Sundas deciduous forests ecoregion. The higher slopes of the islands contain forests of tall Podocarpus conifers and Engelhardias with an undergrowth of lianas, epiphytes, and orchids such as Corybas, Corymborkis, and Malaxis (adder&#39;s mouth), while the coastal plains were originally savanna grasses such as the savanna with Borassus flabellifer palm trees on the coasts of Komodo, Rincah and Flores. Although most of the vegetation on these islands is dry forest there are patches of rainforest on these islands too, especially in lowland areas and riverbanks on Komodo, and there is a particular area of dry thorny forest on the southeast coast of Lombok. Thorn trees used to be more common in coastal areas of the islands but have largely been cleared.</p><br>
<p>These islands are home to unique species including seventeen endemic birds (of the 273 birds found on the islands). The endemic mammals are the endangered Flores shrew (Suncus mertensi), the vulnerable Komodo rat (Komodomys rintjanus), and Lombok flying fox (Pteropus lombocensis), Sunda long-eared bat (Nyctophilus heran) while the carnivorous Komodo dragon, which at three metres long and ninety kilograms in weight is the world&#39;s largest lizard, is found on Komodo, Rincah, Gili Motang, and the coast of northwestern Flores.</p><br>
<h3>Threats and preservation</h3><br>
<p>More than half of the original vegetation of the islands has been cleared for planting of rice and other crops, for settlement and by consequent forest fires. Only Sumbawa now contains a large area of intact natural forest, while Komodo, Rincah and Padar are now protected as Komodo National Park.</p><br>
<p>While many ecological problems affect both small islands and large landmasses, small islands suffer their particular problems and are highly exposed to external forces. Development pressures on small islands are increasing, although their effects are not always anticipated. Although Indonesia is richly endowed with natural resources, the resources of the small islands of Nusa Tenggara are limited and specialised; furthermore human resources in particular are limited.</p><br>
<p>General observations about small islands that can be applied to Nusa Tenggara include:</p><br>
<p>A higher proportion of the landmass will be affected by volcanic activity, earthquakes, landslips, and cyclone damage</p><br>
<p>Climates are more likely to be maritime influenced</p><br>
<p>Catchment areas are smaller and degree of erosion higher</p><br>
<p>A higher proportion of the landmass is made up of coastal areas</p><br>
<p>A higher degree of environmental specialisation, including a higher proportion of endemic species in an overall Depauperate community</p><br>
<p>Societies may retain a strong sense of culture having developed in relative isolation</p><br>
<p>Small island populations are more likely to be affected by economic migration.</p><br>
<p>The Greater Sunda Islands are a group of large islands within the Malay Archipelago. Many are included in present-day Indonesia: Java, smallest but by far the most populous; Sumatra in the west, directly across the Strait of Malacca from Malaysia; large Borneo, the Indonesian sector of which is called Kalimantan; and wishbone-shaped, distended Sulawesi  to the east. Under some definitions, only Java, Sumatra and Borneo are included in the Greater Sunda Islands.</p><br>
<p>Together with the Lesser Sunda Islands, they make up the Sunda Islands.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The Greater Sunda islands are mostly territory of Indonesia. However, the island of Borneo is divided among the countries of Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia. It contains all of Brunei, the Indonesian provinces of Central, East, West, North, and South Kalimantan, and the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak and the federal territory of Labuan.</p><br>
<p>Mount Sunda, was an ancient volcano that once stood in Priangan highlands in today&#39;s West Java province, Java island, Indonesia. The Sunda volcano existed during Pleistocene age, before the violent plinian eruption caused its caldera to collapse. The volcano formed the northern ridge of the Bandung Basin. The ancient volcano is the predecessor of today&#39;s Tangkuban Perahu, Burangrang, and Bukit Tunggul volcanoes.</p><br>
<p>The Sunda volcano was a stratovolcano and is estimated to have reached up to 3,000–4,000 metres (9,850–13,100 ft) above sea level during the Pleistocene age. During this age it was one of the highest volcanoes in Java.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptions</h2><br>
<p>Two large-scale eruptions took place; the first formed the northern ridge of Bandung basin, and the other (est. 55,000 Before Present) blocked the Citarum river, turning the basin into a lake known as "the Great Prehistoric Lake of Bandung".</p><br>
<p>The Thanon Thong Chai Range  is a mountain range in northern Thailand. Its tallest peak is Doi Inthanon, the highest point in Thailand. Most of the range is located in Chiang Mai Province, with parts in Mae Hong Son and Lamphun Provinces.</p><br>
<p>Geologically in the Thanon Thong Chai Range, as in the other southern subranges of the Shan Hills, layers of alluvium are superimposed on hard rock. Precambrian rocks are present in this range, but absent in the ranges further east, such as the Khun Tan Range.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Thanon Thong Chai Range is the southernmost prolongation of the Shan Hills and it consists of two parallel ranges running southwards from the southwestern limits of the Daen Lao Range between rivers Yuam and Ping. The eastern range is also known as Inthanon Range (ทิวเขาอินทนนท์). Often the Dawna Range further west and south is included as the western part of the Thanon Thong Chai Range. There are also some geographers who include the Thanon Thong Chai as a subrange of the Daen Lao Range.</p><br>
<p>Doi Inthanon, at 2,565 metres in the Inthanon Range, is one of the ultra prominent peaks of Southeast Asia. Other high peaks of the Thanon Thong Chai Range are 2,340 m high Doi Hua Mot Luang, the second highest peak in Thailand, Doi Pui (1,685 m), and 1,676 m high Doi Suthep.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Certain hill tribe communities live in the range, like the Hmong and the Karen whose tribal villages dot the mountainsides. Some of these communities are regularly visited by organized tourist groups.</p><br>
<p>Doi Inthanon was formerly known as Doi Ang Ka and was renamed in honor of King Inthawichayanon at the end of the 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The vegetation is mostly deciduous forest below 1,000 m and evergreen hill forest above this height but there has been heavy deforestation. Since a great proportion of the original forest cover has disappeared, denuded patches of grassland and mixed bushy vegetation are common. Some projects for the restoration of forest cover have been undertaken in ecologically degraded areas.</p><br>
<p>Animal species in the Thanon Thong Chai Range are threatened by deliberate wildfires that are set seasonally by farmers in different areas across the range. Wild fauna in the range includes Sambar deer, barking deer, serow, leopard, goral and the Tenasserim white-bellied rat, as well as many bird species. A number of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries are located in the range.</p><br>
<h3>Protected areas</h3><br>
<p>Doi Inthanon National Park</p><br>
<p>Doi Suthep-Pui National Park</p><br>
<p>Khun Khan National Park</p><br>
<p>Mae Ngao National Park</p><br>
<p>Mae Ping National Park</p><br>
<p>Mae Tho National Park</p><br>
<p>Mae Wang National Park</p><br>
<p>Namtok Mae Surin National Park</p><br>
<p>Op Luang National Park</p><br>
<p>Op Khan National Park</p><br>
<p>Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary</p><br>
<p>Lum Nam Pai Wildlife Sanctuary</p><br>
<p>Mae Lao-Mae Sae Wildlife Sanctuary</p><br>
<p>Mae Tuen Wildlife Sanctuary</p><br>
<p>Om Koi Wildlife Sanctuary</p><br>
<p>The Dawna Range, also known as Dawna Hills , is a mountain range in eastern Burma and northwestern Thailand. Its northern end is located in Kayah State where it meets the Daen Lao Range, a subrange of the Shan Hills. The range runs southwards along Kayin State as a natural border with Mon State in the west forming parallel ranges to the northern end of the Tenasserim Hills further south and southeast. The Dawna Range extends east of the Salween southwards from the Shan Hills for about 350 km, at the western limit of the Thai highlands. Its southern end reaches the Thai-Myanmar border in the Umphang area, entering Thailand west of Kamphaeng Phet. The Thungyai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary is in the Thai side of the range.</p><br>
<p>Some geographers include the Dawna Range as the western and the southern part of the Thanon Thong Chai Range (เทือกเขาถนนธงชัย). The highest point of the range is 2,080 m high Mela Taung; 2,005 m high Mulayit Taung is located at the southern end of the range.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The Dawna Range provides a habitat for the tiger, the wild Asian elephant and Feas muntjak. Endangered species in the area are the plain-pouched hornbill and Gurneys pitta. There are other rare species some of which have only recently been discovered.</p><br>
<p>This narrow steep-sided range is geologically and ecologically homogeneous with the neighboring head of the Tenasserim Hills and the Karen Hills further north, so that frequently it is considered as a whole under the name "Dawna</p><br>
<p>Tenasserim" or as "Kayah-Karen/Tenasserim". The Dawna Range is covered with tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests. The Kayah-Karen montane rain forests that cover the mountains are part of the Kayah-Karen/Tenasserim moist forests ecoregion which is included in the Global 200 list of ecoregions identified by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) as priorities for conservation.</p><br>
<h3>Protected areas</h3><br>
<p>Protected areas of the Dawna range are part of the Western Forest Complex.</p><br>
<h4>Burma</h4><br>
<p>Mulayit Wildlife Sanctuary</p><br>
<h4>Thailand</h4><br>
<p>Salawin National Park</p><br>
<p>Mae Moei National Park</p><br>
<p>Thungyai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary</p><br>
<p>Khao Laem National Park</p><br>
<p>Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary</p><br>
<p>Khun Phawo National Park</p><br>
<p>Namtok Pha Charoen National Park</p><br>
<p>Taksin Maharat National Park</p><br>
<p>Lan Sang National Park</p><br>
<p>Khlong Wang Chao National Park</p><br>
<p>Khlong Lan National Park</p><br>
<p>Mae Wong National Park</p><br>
<p>Phu Toei National Park</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1944 and 1945, at the time of the Japanese conquest of Burma during World War II, the eastern Dawna mountains provided a base from which the Karen troops led by Bo Mya fought against the Japanese Imperial Army on the side of the British.</p><br>
<p>Owing to the unrest in Burma and the human rights abuses by the Tatmadaw, some refugee camps have been established for the cross-border refugees in the Thai side of the range. The largest is the Mae La refugee camp, established in 1984 in Tha Song Yang District, Tak Province and currently houses over 40,000 refugees Landmines have been laid in the border area and this affects wildlife as well.</p><br>
<p>The Schloss Au, literally "Château Au", is a country estate located in Au, a locality of the municipality of Wädenswil in Switzerland. The spacious estate is situated on the Au Peninsula on Zürichsee lake shore in the Canton of Zurich.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>In the 1650s Hans Rudolf Werdmüller built a villa in the Venetian style. In 1928/29 it was rebuilt as a neo-baroque villa, constructed by the architect Johann A. Freytag who also integrated the so-called 1720s Werdmüller-Trotte in the north. The main building is characterized by two magnificent loggias on the north and south. To the west the main tower rises, in the eastern courtyard a round tower is situated. The château includes approximately 50 rooms that are partly equipped with marble floors, carpets and objets dart from the old country house. In the late-1980s its interior partially was renewed to house a conference center. The public access to the château is restricted, but particularly the spacious park and the tower-like Gugger dwelling house on the peninsulas southern slope are further popular points of interest.</p><br>
<p>Au Halbinsel - Schloss Au (Werdmüller Gut) IMG 6329.JPGpark of the former Werdmüller estate</p><br>
<p>Au - Schloss (Werdmüller-Gut) - Dampfschiff Stadt Rapperswil 2013-09-13 16-21-29.JPGmain tower</p><br>
<p>Au - Schloss 2015-09-26 17-04-11.JPGWerdmüller coats of arms on the main tower</p><br>
<p>Au - Schloss 2015-09-26 17-01-27.JPG</p><br>
<p>Au - Schloss 2015-09-26 16-50-53.JPGclock tower of the main building</p><br>
<p>Au - Boots- und Badehaus Schloss Au 2015-09-26 16-40-29.JPGlake shore pavillon</p><br>
<p>Au Halbinsel IMG 6303.jpgGugger house</p><br>
<p>Au - ZSG Dampfschiff Stadt Rapperswil 2011-08-13 17-21-44.jpgWerdmüller-Trotte</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1650 the lands were given by the city of Zürich to Hans Rudolf Werdmüller who built a villa in the Venetian style where he cultivated horticulture, agriculture, fisheries, and even a blacksmiths workshop. The landside Au lake and the vineyards on the south side were also part of the extensive estate which was sold by Werdmüllers son in 1678. After various changes in ownership, the estate went over into the possession of Colonel Hans von Schulthess-Bodmer, who rebuilt it as a neo-baroque villa in 1928/29. Among the famous residents was the author Mentona Moser (1874–1971) who was raised on the Au peninsula: „Ich habe gelebt“ (Ive lived, among others with Au-related descriptions) in one of her published books. Her mother, Fanny Moser was considered one of the richest women in Europe in the 19th century; in her residence „Belle au bois dormant“ she met poets, philosophers, scientists and people perverted from trade and industry. The estate and the little landside lake belong since 1989 to the Canton of Zürich; in 1985 its last owner Eric Alex von Schulthess handed over the property and the comprehensive lands to the canton of Zürich to establish a conference center, and thus to the public. As of 2015 the building is used as conference center Tagungszentrum Schloss Au by the cantonal college of education PHZH.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural heritage</h2><br>
<p>The estate, its auxiliary buildings and the park are listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as a Class B object of regional importance.</p><br>
<p>Located on the Au Peninsula, the Neolithic site named Wädenswil–Vorder Au was one of the numerous sites of Prehistoric pile dwellings around Zürichsee with numerous finds from the transitional period between the Pfyn and Horgen cultures, as well as relicts of the Bell Beaker culture. The area of the settlement partially is located on the roughly 26 hectare large lands of the country estate.</p><br>
<p>Burghead Fort was a Pictish promontory fort on the site now occupied by the small town of Burghead in Moray, Scotland. It was one of the earliest power centres of the Picts and was three times the size of any other enclosed site in Early Medieval Scotland. The fort was probably the main centre of the Pictish Kingdom of Fortriu, flourishing like the kingdom itself from the 4th to the 9th centuries.</p><br>
<p>Burghead is not recorded in any surviving annals and its name in the Pictish language is not recorded, but it may be the Pinnata Castra that features in Ptolemy&#39;s 2nd century Geography. The original defences may date from the iron age, but were substantially rebuilt during the early historic period.</p><br>
<p>The remains of the fort were largely destroyed when the harbour and town of Burghead were remodelled in the early 19th century, but its layout is recorded in a plan drawn by William Roy in 1793. Sections of its inner ramparts still stand up to 9.8 ft high, and a small section of the innermost outer rampart survives as the "Doorie Hill". The fort&#39;s underground ritual well can be visited and the site has a visitor centre where important Pictish sculpture from the fort can be seen.</p><br>
<h2>Layout and construction</h2><br>
<p>The site consisted of a walled inner enclosure measuring 1,000 ft in length and 600 ft in width, which was divided into two wards or courts: a smaller, higher enclosure or citadel to the south west, and a larger, lower one to the north east. In total the enclosure occupied an area of 12.4 acre Cutting off the enclosure and the headland was a system of three ramparts and ditches, together measuring 800 ft by 180 ft, with each cut by entrances mid-way along. These were constructed of earth and rubble. Excavation on the 1890s revealed a paved roadway through the fort.</p><br>
<p>The western wall of the upper enclosure was excavated in 1969 and found to be exceptionally massive, with an 8 m thick base and a surviving height of 3 m. The wall would originally have been even more formidable, up to 6 m high. and possibly topped by a wooden superstructure. It was constructed with stone revetments at the front and back around an internal framework of transverse and longitudinal timbers, with the centre of the structure filled with stone rubble and rolled pebbles. The ramparts were constructed on foundations made of layers of oak laid upon sand, and the oak beams of the timber framework almost certainly protruded from the sandstone walls. The stone ramparts of the lower enclosure were also built around a timber framework, but these were held together by giant iron spikes - an exceptional construction technique unrelated to earlier British iron age building traditions, instead being associated with the Murus Gallicus structures of the late La Tene fortifications of continental Europe.</p><br>
<h2>History and use</h2><br>
<p>The fort was built in multiple phases. Radiocarbon dating has demonstrated that the main walls were constructed in the early historic period, possibly as early as the late 3rd century, and they were refurbished in the 6th or 7th centuries. The layout of the fort was typical of those built across Britain and France in the late Iron Age, though, suggesting that the Picts may have reoccupied an earlier stronghold and reinforced it by adding the stone fortifications. Differences in the techniques used to build the walls of the upper and lower enclosures suggest different dates of construction, and the triple ramparts and ditches that cut the enclosure off from the mainland may predate the main body of the fort and represent earlier iron age defences. Signs of earlier occupation found on the site of the fort include a Late Bronze Age spearhead, a Greek coin of the reign of Nero (54–68 AD), and a Celtic stone head found within the well. Indications of non-domestic occupation have been found from the Iron Age, Norse and Early Medieval periods, but no sign of occupancy of the fort survives after the 9th century, a period approximately coinciding with entries in the Annals of Ulster recording devastating Norse raids on the Kingdom of Fortriu.</p><br>
<p>The two enclosures of the main fort had separate entrances, with no evidence of any internal gateway between them, implying a hierarchical relationship between them. The higher section of the main fort to the west may have formed a high-status enclosure including a royal hall and dwelling, with the larger enclosure to the north east containing a settlement. The higher enclosure would also have included buildings housing the rulers retinue and others supplying the royal court with its needs. The foundation stones of buildings have been found within the lower enclosure and there is archaeological evidence of livestock being kept within the outer walls of the fort. The sites importance and its excellent nearby anchorage makes it likely that it was an important base for the Pict&#39;s naval forces, which are recorded as significant between the 4th and the 8th centuries.</p><br>
<p>The fort had religious as well as secular importance. The bull carvings found on the site in the 19th century have been seen as evidence for a surviving pagan bull cult, and the underground well in its rock-cut chamber as the centre of a pagan water cult, a possibility reinforced by the Celtic stone head that was discovered in the well in the 19th century. The Burning of the Clavie, which still takes place in Burghead annually, has also been seen as a surviving pagan fire festival. There is archaeological evidence of a chapel within the fort by the 8th century, and decorated stones dating from around AD 800 found in Burghead churchyard were probably the remains of Christian crosses. Fragments of an early Christian shrine have been discovered immediately outside the fort, and the secular power centre of the fort may have had a significant relationship with the major Pictish religious centres of Kinneddar, located 8 miles to the east, and Portmahomack, which is just visible from Burghead on the opposite side of the Moray Firth.</p><br>
<h2>The Burghead Bulls</h2><br>
<p>During the destruction of the site in the early 19th century up to thirty stone panels carrying carved images of bulls were discovered. Although most of these were built into the quay wall of Burghead Harbour and were lost, six remain: two in the visitor centre in Burghead itself, two in Elgin Museum, one in the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh and one in the British Museum in London. The Bulls have been dated to the 5th century or later and may have formed a frieze set into the ramparts of the fort, possibly forming part of a warrior cult celebrating strength and aggression.</p><br>
<p>The degree of naturalism of the Burghead Bulls is unequalled in early Medieval art, and the carvings testify to the site&#39;s exceptional importance and suggest it may have been an important Royal centre in the early historic period.</p><br>
<p>Cerro Chao is a lava flow complex associated with the Cerro del León volcano in the Andes. It is the largest known Quaternary silicic volcano body and part of the most recent phase of activity in the Altiplano–Puna volcanic complex.</p><br>
<p>Cerro Chao formed over the course of three eruptions preceded by a pyroclastic stage. Three large lobate lava flows erupted in the col between two volcanoes and advanced for a maximum length of 14 km. The eruption that originated the lava flows probably lasted more than one hundred years and occurred before the Holocene.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Cerro Chao, also named Cerros de Chao, Chao lava or Chao volcano, is located in the volcanic front of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, between the older Paniri and Cerro del León andesitic stratovolcanoes. The Central Volcanic Zone is one of the three volcanic belts in the Andes.</p><br>
<p>The region is dominated by the Altiplano–Puna volcanic complex, where during the Miocene–Pleistocene epoch large ignimbrite eruptions occurred. In the present day, volcanism is of andesitic composition forming volcanic cones. Activity is controlled by fault zones, some of these linked to the Pastos Grandes caldera. Neighbouring volcanoes with similar characteristics to Cerro Chao include Cerro Chanca/Pabellon, Cerro Chascon–Runtu Jarita complex, Cerro Chillahuita and La Torta. Cerro Chao lies within a northwest-running belt of volcanoes, some of them over 6,000 m high, of which San Pedro has historical activity. Cerro Chao is the largest such silicic lava flow known.</p><br>
<p>The eruption is intriguing both in terms of the viscosity of the erupted lavas and its effusive nature. Conventional lava flows increase in viscosity with increasing crystal content; however Chao lava flows were erupted with similar viscosities and yield strengths as silicic domes. The formation of a lava flow instead of a lava dome may have been influenced by the formation of a carapace on the flow and the steep slopes the flows initially formed on; the late Chao III flow formed on the very gentle slope left by the previous Chao I and Chao II flows and shows some lava dome characteristics.</p><br>
<h3>Origins</h3><br>
<p>The andesite inclusions contained in the lava are characteristic for magma mixing processes. The eruption forming the flow may have been caused by the injection of andesite in a pre-existent homogenous dacitic magma chamber. The injection did presumably modify the crystallization processes in the magma chamber and the volatiles in the magma to the point of forcing an eruption.</p><br>
<p>The magmas that gave rise to Cerro Chao may either be the remnants of a previous magma body that gave rise to the neighbouring calderas of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex, or may be the sign of a new injection of magmas in the crust. The significance of these theories is controversial.</p><br>
<h3>Structure</h3><br>
<p>Cerro Chao is a 14 km-long coulee. It has a volume of 26 km3 and its flow front is 400 m high. Based on volumetric considerations, the eruption lasted about 100-150 years with an average lava flux rate of 25 m3/s. The volume of Chao is exceptional for a lava dome structure, although the lava flux rate generating it is low in comparison to a basaltic eruption like Laki in Iceland. This low flux rate is insufficient to cause caldera formation. Cerro Chao is the largest Quaternary silicic lava flow in the world. The vent location is related to an inferred fault zone emanating from one of the neighbouring volcanoes.</p><br>
<p>The flow is underpinned by a pyroclastic apron that extends 3 x from the flow front. Most of it is buried beneath the flow and only on the eastern side does some material emerge; its volume is estimated at 1 km3. This deposit is formed from several layers of pumices separated by erosion surfaces; at least one layer may be derived from Paniri volcano.</p><br>
<p>An overlapping pair of pyroclastic cones sits on top of the Chao flow and form its eruption vent. The cone has a dense rock equivalent volume of 0.5 km3 of lapilli and blocks. The northern side of the cone rises 100 m from terrain while the southern side is partially breached. The highest point of the cone lies at 5,169 m altitude. Its morphology suggests that it formed from a lava dome when it collapsed over the vent.</p><br>
<p>The eruption of Cerro Chao occurred in several phases. In a first phase, Plinian–Vulcanian activity generated pyroclastic flow deposits to the south of the system. Most of the pyroclastics were formed during this phase, although some minor deposits formed from the collapse of the forming flow. A thin lapilli layer has been linked to San Pedro volcano. Explosive activity continued during the extrusion of the Chao flow, growing the pumice cone.</p><br>
<p>The flow proper is subdivided in three subunits, the first two named Chao I and Chao II. Originally subdivided because of their morphology, they most likely represent various pulses of the same eruption. They have a combined volume exceeding 22 km3 and are formed from a long southbound flow with some lateral spillage. The flow itself is 14 km long and its flow front is 400 m high. Its structure is massive and lobate, with lobe diameters expanding downflow from 0.5 to 1.8 km. The flows are covered by ogives (up to 30 m high and with spacing of 50 x) and some structures interpreted as fossil fumaroles. The ridges are drawn out on the western flow margin. The folds in the surface layers may have been caused by the surface stiffening more quickly than the underlying flow due to cooling. The flow surface is blocky, with blocks occasionally displaying flow banding. The lowest Chao I flow covers an area of 52 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>The Chao III flow has a smaller volume of 2 km3 than Chao I and II. It has less ogives than Chao I and II and forms a single lobe, 150 m high. The flow overlies the pumice cone and parts of the Chao II on its eastern side. A lava dome formed above its vent and underwent several collapses, generating collapse scars. The flow is covered by weathering-derived aeolian debris from the other flows. This flow has a surface area of 13 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<h3>Petrology</h3><br>
<p>The Chao flow is of dacitic composition, with some non-vesicular small andesitic inclusions that are more numerous in the Chao III and upper Chao II stages, up to 5% of the volume of some Chao III lavas and vesiculated there. The lava has a porphyric texture owing to its high crystal content of 45% and displays extensive flow banding. Chao III lavas have lower concentrations of crystals. Phenocrysts in the lava contain biotite, hornblende, plagioclase and quartz. Some hornblende crystals have diameters of up to 2 cm. Apatite and zircon are accessory minerals. Based on geochemical considerations, the magmas equilibrated at depths of 7 - and temperatures of 840 &deg;C.</p><br>
<h3>Geologic history</h3><br>
<p>Potassium–argon dating and argon–argon dating performed on rocks from the Chao I stage have indicated an average age of 423,000 ± 100,000 years. However, anomalous chemical compositions of the dated rocks suggest that they may overestimate the true age of the volcanics. Such alteration may be the result of the inclusion of xenocrysts or K leaching. A glacial moraine system lies on Cerro del León at 4,500 m altitude. One of these moraines abuts Cerro Chao, indicating that the dome must be older than the moraine and thus older than the last glaciation 11,000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>The Spiller Farm Paleoindian Site, designated Site 4.13 by the Maine Archaeological Survey, is a prehistoric archaeological site in Wells, Maine. Located overlooking a stream on the Spiller Farm property on Branch Road, it is an extensive site at which a fine collection of stone artifacts has been found, dating to c. 8,000 BCE. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Spiller Farm Site is located on the grounds of Spiller Farm, a 60 acre property located inland in northern Wells, near a tributary of the Merriland River. The site was discovered in a plowed field in 1995, and underwent several seasons of excavation thereafter.</p><br>
<p>The most significant materials found at the site include nearly 300 stone tools. Most of these tools are made from a type of chert that was taken from the Willard Brook Quarry in the interior of central Maine, although some rhyolite materials were found from the Mount Jasper Lithic Source in Berlin, New Hampshire, along with one instance of chalcedony that probably originated in Atlantic Canada. The site is distinct from the nearby Hedden Site in terms of this distribution of stone materials: the latter site has a much more diverse array of sources for its stone materials. Excavation at the site also yielded evidence of at least two hearth sites.</p><br>
<p>Walnut Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Muncie, Delaware County, Indiana. It encompasses 66 contributing buildings and 1 contributing object, and is located in the central business district of Muncie. The district includes notable examples of Italianate, Late Victorian, Colonial Revival, and Beaux-Arts style architecture. Located in the district are the separately listed Moore-Youse-Maxon House, Roberts Hotel, and Goddard Warehouse. Other notable buildings include the Patterson Bock , McNaughton Block , Mitchell Bock , American National Bank Building , Marsh Block , and the Old Post Office designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect under James Knox Taylor .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Wysor Heights Historic District is a national historic district located at Muncie, Delaware County, Indiana. It encompasses 61 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 1 contributing object in a predominantly residential section of Muncie. The district developed between about 1890 and 1930, and includes notable examples of Queen Anne, American Foursquare, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Notable contributing resources include the equestrian sculpture and landscape ensemble "Appeal to the Great Spirit" by Cyrus Edwin Dallin , Roy Thomas House , Burt Whiteley House , and the first Delaware County Children&#39;s Home building .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Minnetrista Boulevard Historic District is a national historic district within the city of Muncie, in Delaware County, East Central Indiana. It is located along the northeast side of Minnetrista Boulevard and the north bank of the White River, about a mile north of downtown Muncie.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The historic district encompasses five distinguished homes and their associated secondary structures, in a predominantly residential section of Muncie. The district developed between c.1895 and 1910, and includes notable examples of Shingle style, Tudor Revival, Georgian Revival, and Colonial Revival style architecture.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<h3>Contributing properties</h3><br>
<p>The principal residences in the district are:</p><br>
<p>"Nebosham" — Edmund and Bertha Ball House, 1907 Tudor Revival and Gothic Revival style residence designed by Wing & Mahurin, part of present-day Ball State University facility.</p><br>
<p>"Maplewood" — William and Emma Ball House, 1899 Georgian Revival style residence with Greek Revival portico, and present day guesthouse for the Ball Corporation, with its first floor a historic house museum of the Minnetrista cultural complex.</p><br>
<p>"Oakhurst" — George and Frances Ball House, 1895 Shingle style residence designed by Louis Gibson.</p><br>
<p>Lucius and Sarah Ball House — c. 1875 farmhouse, remodeled/enlarged in Colonial Revival style by Balls in 1908, present day orientation center for the Minnetrista cultural complex.</p><br>
<p>Mary Lincoln Cottage — 1907 Late Victorian style house.</p><br>
<p>"Minnetrista" (residence site) — former Frank and Elizabeth Ball House, 1894 mansion designed by Louis Gibson and destroyed by fire in 1967. Present day site of the 1988 Center Building housing the Minnetrista Heritage Collection.</p><br>
<p>Minnetrista is a cultural center is within the district on three former Ball Brothers properties, with museums, gardens, a sculpture park, and natural areas. It includes the "Oakhurst" mansion and historic gardens, the Lucius and Sarah Ball residence, and the surviving limestone columns of "Minnetrista" in the Colonnade Garden.</p><br>
<p>The Ball family, founders of the Ball Corporation, purchased most of the land along the north bank of White River between Wheeling and Granville Pikes in 1893. The name chosen by the family for the property was taken from a Sioux word, "mna" (pronounced mini) which means "water," and combined with the English word, "tryst," to form "Minnetrista," or, "a gathering place by the water."</p><br>
<p>The Allentown Union Hall is a historic meeting hall located 2 mi east of Illinois Route 121 in Allentown, Illinois. The building was built in 1892 to host community events in Allentown, a small rural settlement. Like many small communities nationwide at the turn of the century, the citizens of Allentown wished to expand their educational and cultural horizons; since rough dirt roads made travel outside the community difficult, the community used the hall to host its own cultural events. The Allentown Helping Hand Circle, the community organization that raised the money for the building, hosted many of the halls early events, which included community dinners and talent shows. The hall also hosted shows put on both by actors and musicians from Allentown and the surrounding area and by traveling acts who stopped in the community. As the only large public building in the area, the town hall also served as a polling place, a clubhouse for womens clubs and fraternal organizations, a church for the community&#39;s religious groups, and an auditorium for the local school.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 12, 1988.</p><br>
<p>Lake Glory  is a reservoir in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It has a surface area of approximately 5.4 acre and is situated in Cleveland Township. The lake is in the vicinity of Roaring Creek, Pennsylvania Route 487, and Pennsylvania Route 42. It was first developed in the 1950s and by the 1970s was a significant recreational area in the region. The reservoir is located near the Lake Glory Campground.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>According to The National Map, Lake Glory is not situated on any stream. However, it is located only a few hundred feet from Roaring Creek.</p><br>
<p>Lake Glory is a manmade lake. It is situated within the Lake Glory Campground.</p><br>
<p>Lake Glory is in the vicinity of Pennsylvania Route 487 and Pennsylvania Route 42.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lake Glory was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on September 1, 1989. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1212533. The lake was added to the Geographic Names Information System because it appears in a county highway map by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.</p><br>
<p>Lake Glory was first developed in the 1950s. The lake eventually came to be owned by Charles King, who changed its name to its current one. The lakes etymology is described in Walter M. Braschs 1982 book Columbia County Place Names as an "inspirational name".</p><br>
<p>A clam bake was held at Lake Glory by a post of the American Legion in the summer of 1967. During the 1970s, the area in the vicinity of the lake was one of the main locations of seasonal development in the area.</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>In the 1970s, Lake Glory was stocked at least once with brook trout, rainbow trout, northern pike, yellow perch, bass, and catfish.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>In 1970, a fish catching competition was held at Lake Glory, with cash prizes being offered to those who caught the longest trout and the most fish.</p><br>
<p>By the 1970s, Lake Glory was a recreational area of "regional significance". A private campground known as the Lake Glory Campground was developed at the lake in the 1950s and was named at the same time as Lake Glory. It has an area of 110 acre.</p><br>
<p>The Ayer Public Library is a Carnegie library located at 200 Locust Street in Delavan, Illinois. The library was the citys fifth attempt at forming a library; it succeeded and assumed the collection of a library founded in 1902 by the Blue Button Army temperance organization. When the Blue Button library closed in 1907, supporter Amos K. Ayer called for the city to establish a permanent public library. With Ayers financial backing, a library for all citizens of Delavan Township was approved the same year; however, it used a temporary space and lacked a permanent home until the city applied to the Carnegie Foundation for assistance in 1912. After a protracted misunderstanding with James Bertram, who expected a city library tax and did not understand that the township provided tax support, the Foundation provided a $10,000 grant for the library and construction began in 1914. The Classical Revival library opened later in the year; it remains open to this day.</p><br>
<p>The library was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 12, 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Romanzo Kingman House is a historic house on Main Street  in Kingman, Maine. Built in 1871, it is the unincorporated communitys most sophisticated example of 19th-century architecture. It was built for Romanzo Kingman, the areas namesake and owner of a locally important tannery. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Kingman House is located on Main Street in the rural town center of Kingman, an unincorporated community in southeastern Penobscot County. It is two stories in height, with a hip roof, central chimney, and clapboard siding. Its main facade, facing southwest, is three bays wide, with the entrance in the left bay, sheltered by a portico support by square posts and pilasters. It has a denticulated cornice and a low balustrade on the sides. First floor windows are crowned by gabled pediments with consoles, while the second floor windows have flat pediments with consoles. A two-story ell extends northeast from the main block, joining the house to a carriage barn.</p><br>
<p>Romanzo Kingman and Francis Shaw established a tannery in Kingman in the 1860s, which was billed for a time as one of the largest in the nation. The tannery was a major local industry until it was destroyed in a massive explosion in the 1920s. Kingman and Shaw, both bachelors at the time, built this house, the only house of architectural distinction in the small community, in 1871-72. Kingman left the area a few years later to open a second tannery in Wisconsin; when the community incorporated as a plantation, it was named in his honor.</p><br>
<p>The Dement-Zinser House is a historic house located at 105 Zinser Place in Washington, Illinois. The house was built in 1858 for Richard C. Dement, a businessman and riverboat owner. Its Greek Revival design features a transom and sidelights around the front door, a cornice with a frieze board, and a gable roof with eave returns. The house is the only standing Greek Revival house in Washington and may be the oldest house in the city. Dement sold the house only three years after building it, and it passed through several owners until Dr. Harley Zinser acquired it in 1905. Zinser used his home as his doctors office, from which he served as a respected village doctor; he also made house calls, delivered babies, and even treated animals as part of his work. The house remained in Zinsers family until 1994, when the Washington Historical Society bought it for a museum.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 27, 2002.</p><br>
<p>King Mesgegra&#39;s Mound is a motte and ancient Irish royal site located in Clane, County Kildare, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>King Mesgegra&#39;s Mound is located south of Clane, 160 metres (540 ft) northwest of a fording point on the River Liffey.</p><br>
<h2>History and archaeology</h2><br>
<p>According to Ulster Cycle legends, Mesgegra, King of Leinster, confronted the Ulster warrior Conall Cernach at the ford in Clane. Conall beheaded Mesgegra at the bullaun stone placed his head in the hollow. Mesgegras body was buried under King Mesgegras Mound, while his head was buried at Mainham, north of Clane, along with his wife Buan. This story is recounted in Tallaind Etair ("The Siege of Howth") in the 12th-century Book of Leinster.</p><br>
<p>The mound was later built on in the 12th century by the Normans who took control of Clane, probably by Richard de Hereford.</p><br>
<p>Sunday&#39;s Well, a warm spring now covered over, is at its base. At 13 °C, it is one of only ten such springs in Ireland.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Claiborne Creasy House is a historic house at 415 South Main Street in Gretna, Virginia. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, built in 1840 with later additions that substantially complemented the original construction. The original main block is Italianate in style, with Colonial Revival addition made in the 1880s and a Craftsman addition in 1923. A Colonial Revival porch wraps around much of the structure, unifying the parts. The house stands on a large landscaped parcel that includes several surviving farm outbuildings and the family cemetery of the Creasys. Thomas Creasy, who bought the 1840 house and substantially enlarged it, was one of Gretna&#39;s wealthiest businessmen of the post-Reconstruction era. The property is now used as a function and event facility.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Missouri-Pacific Depot, Ozark, now the Ozark Area Depot Museum, is a historic railroad station and museum at 1st and River Streets in Ozark, Arkansas. It is a roughly rectangular stone structure with a hip roof, standing between River Street and the railroad tracks. On its southern  side a telegrapher&#39;s booth projects. The roof has broad eaves extending around the building, supported by large Craftsman-style knee braces, and with exposed rafters visible. The station was built in 1910 by the Missouri-Pacific Railroad, and is notable for its association with the economically important railroad, and for its fine Craftsman architecture. It is now a local history museum.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Selah Barnes House is a historic house at 282 Prospect Street Southington, Connecticut. Built about 1778 for a local merchant, it is a good local example of vernacular Georgian architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Selah Barnes House is located in Southington&#39;s Plantsville area, on the south side of Prospect Street opposite its junction with Ashwell Drive. It is set facing east on about 2 acre of land that fronts on the Eightmile River to the west. The house is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof, central chimney, and stone foundation. The roof gable is relatively broad, with a shallow-pitch section to the rear giving the house a variant of a classical saltbox profile. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a central entrance framed by simple molding with a dentillated lintel. Windows are generally 12-over-12 sash.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1778 for Selah Barnes, a local merchant who shipped cornmeal to the West Indies. Barnes was the son of Asa Barnes, who owned a tavern in the town. The house&#39;s architecture differs from others in the area from the same period, in that its front eave is deeper than typical, and because its clapboarding is nailed directly to the studs. Its chimney is also not as massive as most period chimneys, and is taller.</p><br>
<p>The Blakeslee Forging Company is a historic industrial complex at 100 West Main Street in the Plantsville area of Southington, Connecticut. The surviving six buildings, dating to about 1910 or later, were developed for a company founded in 1877 that specialized in drop forging. The buildings are well preserved structures typifying industrial buildings found in Southington from that era. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Blakeslee Forging Company complex is located on the south side of the central village of Plantsville. It is set well back from the street, behind a municipal parking lot and the former Pultz & Walkley Company industrial complex. Its largest two buildings form a T, whose top runs parallel to the former railroad right-of-way that now serves as the Farmington Canal Heritage Trail. The top of the T is a two-story brick building, 20 bays long, with industrial Colonial Revival trim elements, while the leg of the T is a longer single-story brick structure with a gabled roof. Also facing the railroad right-of-way, north of those buildings, is a single-story six-bay brick building. Three smaller structures are tucked behind these, between the T and the adjacent buildings to the north.</p><br>
<p>The Blakeslee Forging Company was founded in 1877 and incorporated in 1896 by Sherman Blakeslee, and first operated in mainly wood-frame buildings built on this site by the Plantsville Manufacturing Company. The company manufactured parts for carriages, and provided custom drop-forging services. Most of the buildings in this complex date to 1912-14, when the older buildings were torn down.</p><br>
<p>The Icabod Bradley House is a historic building at 537 Shuttle Meadow Road in Southington, Connecticut. Built in 1813, it is a good local example of transitional Colonial-Federal architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Ichabod Bradley House stands in a rural-residential area of northeastern Southington, on the north side of Shuttle Meadow Road just west of the Plainville Reservoir. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof, center chimney, and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade faces south, and is five bays wide. The ground-floor windows are topped by shallow cornices, while the second-floor windows butt against the eave. The main entrance is at the center, with flanking narrow fluted pilasters, and a half-round fanlight transom above, topped by a dentillated cap. The building corners also exhibit pilasters. A single-story addition extends the building to the rear, and the 3 acre property also includes a shed and garage, both from the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The house is believed to have been built about 1813 by Ichabod Bradley, a successful farmer in northeastern Southington. The basic plan of the house is Colonial in style, but the door surround and other trim elements are distinctly Federal in style. Bradley was the father of Amos Bradley, a leading figure of civic and business leadership in Southington in the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Clark Brothers Factory No. 1 was a historic industrial complex at 1331 South Main Street in the Milldale area of Southington, Connecticut. Developed beginning in the 1850s, it was one of the nation&#39;s largest sources of carriage bolts. The complex listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 consisted of a group of brick buildings dating to 1893 and later. It has since been entirely demolished, and the land stands vacant and overgrown.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Clark Brothers Factory was located in central southern Southington, on the east side of South Main Street just south of the Quinnipiac River and east of Clark Street. The complex consisted of nine connected buildings, the largest of which were all either one or 1-1/2 stories in height. The main buildings housed the machine shops in which the company manufactured its products, while the smaller attached buildings typically provided space for supporting functions. The complex included a dam across the Quinnipiac River, and a headrace that supplied water to the complex for power.</p><br>
<p>The Clark Brothers were one of the first industries in Southington, and played a significant role in its development as an industrial community in the second half of the 19th century. The company began manufacturing bolts for carriages in wood-frame buildings on this site, using water power from the Quinnipiac River. It developed innovations in the manufacture of these fasteners, including a specialized "hammer lathe" that formed the bolts head while cutting the thread, and eventually fully automated the manufacturing process. The companys existing buildings on the site were destroyed by fire in 1893, and new facilities were immediately built in brick.</p><br>
<p>The buildings were demolished some time after their listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The dam was removed from the river in 2016.</p><br>
<p>The Clark Brothers Factory No. 2, also known as Clark Brothers Bolt Company, is an industrial complex at 409 Canal Street in Southington, Connecticut. Built between 1911 and 1918, the complex is a good example of vernacular industrial architecture of the early 20th century, and was home to one of the community&#39;s major industrial employers. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Clark Brothers Factory No. 2 is located in Southington&#39;s Milldale section, on the east side of Canal Street, roughly midway between Burritt Street and Connecticut Route 322. It is a long and basically linear complex, most of which is sandwiched between the road and a railroad right-of-way that now carries the Farmington Canal Heritage Trail. The complex consists of eleven buildings, ten of which are connected, and one (a boiler house) that is located across the railroad right-of-way. Notable buildings in the complex include a large manufacturing building with an original sawtooth roof, and a heat-treatment and forge building with a monitor roof.</p><br>
<p>The Clark Brothers Company was one of the early industrial concerns in Southington, and was influential in its growth as an industrial community in the second half of the 19th century. In the 1850s they developed specialized equipment for the manufacture of carriage bolts, a process they eventually automated in its entirety. Originally located in a factory on South Main Street (since demolished), they had this facility built beginning in 1911, using steam power for the manufacturing processes instead of water. It was expanded during the First World War, and broadened its production line to include other types of fasteners.</p><br>
<p>The Avery Clark House is a historic house at 1460 Meriden Avenue in Southington, Connecticut. Built about 1792, it is one of the town&#39;s surviving 19th-century houses, and well-preserved example of late Georgian vernacular architecture. It was lsited on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Avery Clark House stands on the west side side of Meriden Avenue (Connecticut Route 120), a busy through street in southeastern Southington. It is a single-story wood-frame structure, set close to the road. It is covered by a gabled roof that is more steeply pitched than is typical for the period, and has a central chimney. The roof also extends slightly beyond the first floor on all four sides. The main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance. A single-story wing, four bays wide, extends northward at a recess. It also has a central chimney, and a secondary entrance in the rightmost bay. Period interior features include three original fireplaces.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1792. It was built for Avery and Anna Walkley Clark, who came to Southington from Durham. The house was owned by five generations of Clark descendants. Twentieth-century updates to the house include new windows and doors, and it is probable that the chimneys are not original.</p><br>
<p>The Ebenezer Evans House is a historic house at 17 Long Bottom Road in Southington, Connecticut. Built about 1767, it is a well-preserved example of a Georgian Cape house. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Ebenezer Evans House stands in a rural area of northeastern Southington, on the north side of Long Bottom Road just west of its junction with Andrews Street. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof, central chimney, clapboarded exterior, and stone foundation. Its main block is five bays wide, with a center entrance framed by fluted pilasters and a plain entablature. A similarly styled modern ell extends to the main block&#39;s right at a recess. Windows are twelve-over-eight sash. The roof is set at a steeper pitch than is typical for Cape houses of the period, and the block is also slightly deeper.</p><br>
<p>The was built about 1767 by Ebenezer Evans, who moved north to Conway, Massachusetts by 1782. A later owner was Anson Merriman, who was involved in early efforts to mine limestone in the area for use in portland cement. Merriman&#39;s descendants, mainly apple farmers, owned the property into the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The Stephen Grannis House was a historic house at 1193 West Street in Southington, Connecticut. Built about 1812, it was a good local example of Federal period architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, and was demolished sometime thereafter.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Stephen Grannis House stood on the east side of West Street (Connecticut Route 229), a busy through street in northwestern Southington, between Curtiss and Churchill Streets. It was a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof, central chimney, and exterior finished in clapboard-like asbestos siding. Its front facade was five bays wide, with symmetrically placed one-over-one sash windows on either side of a center entrance. The entrance was topped by a patterned rectangular glass transom window, and a flat projecting cap with dentil moulding. The windows were topped by similar caps without moulding.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1812 for Stephen Grannis, and is a good vernacular expression of Federal period architecture. Family tradition states that this house, and a similar one at 1137 West Street, were both built by Grannis father for his two sons on the occasion of their marriages. It remained in the hands of Grannis descendants, part of the locally significant interrelated Grannis, Andrews, and Tolles families, until the late 20th century. The house has been demolished since its listing on the National Register in 1988; the vacant land is still within the Tolles family.</p><br>
<p>The Timothy Hart House is a historic house at 521 Flanders Road in Southington, Connecticut. Built about 1810, it is a well-preserved local example of vernacular early 19th-century Federal period architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Timothy Hart House stands in what is now a rural-suburban residential area of northeastern Southington. It is located on the east side of Flanders Road, south of its junction with Flanders Street. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior, set on a partial basement of ashlar brownstone. It has a central chimney that is a replacement of the original. Its formal front facade is oriented facing south; it is five bays wide with the entrance at the center. The street-facing west facade has an exposed basement level owing to the sloping site, with a secondary entrance at the center of three bays, three windows on the main level, and three more in the attic level. Original interior features include a winding central staircase, wide floorboards, and three fireplaces, one with a period oven.</p><br>
<p>The house&#39;s construction date is uncertain. Although a local history gives it a date of 1822, other research has suggested a date of 1798. Based on architectural analysis, it appears to date to the first decade of the 19th century. It is remarkably well preserved as an essentially vernacular piece of period architecture, and is unusual for its treatment of the exposed basement level.</p><br>
<p>1010 Shuttle Meadow Road is a historic house at 1010 Shuttle Meadow Road in Southington, Connecticut. Built about 1772, it is one of the town&#39;s few surviving 18th-century houses. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Shuttle Meadow Road is an east-west road in northern Southington, now residential in character and crossed in its western section by Interstate 84. Number 1010 is on the south side of the street, east of its junction with Dunham Street, and is set closer to the street than surrounding 20th-century development. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a roof that is gabled at one end and hipped at the other, and a clapboarded exterior. It is set on a brownstone foundation, and as a brownstone front step. Its main facade is five bays wide, with the main entrance at the center, framed by fluted pilasters and a corniced entablature, and flanked by wide sidelight windows. The ground floor interior retains original wide floorboards and fireplaces.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1772. It is a well-preserved local example of Georgian architecture, with its most unusual distinctive feature being the double-wide sidelight windows.</p><br>
<p>590 West Street is a historic house in Southington, Connecticut. Built about 1790, it is one of the town&#39;s small number of surviving 18th-century houses, and a well-preserved example of Georgian colonial architecture. It was listed on the National Register in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>West Street is a major north-south route on the west side of Southington, paralleling Interstate 84 which runs just to the west. Number 590 stands on the west side of the road, just south of its junction with Sunnybrook Hill Road. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. It rests on a cut brownstone foundation. The main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by sidelight windows and pilasters, and topped by an entablature and projecting cornice. Windows are rectangular sash, set in openings framed by corniced moulding. Ells extend to both the right side and rear of the main block; the right-side ell is modern, while the rear ell is possibly older than the main block. The interior of the house retains original period features, including wide flooring, doors with period hardware, and a narrow winding staircase in the front vestibule.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1790. It is locally significant as a surviving and well-preserved 18th-century house. Modifications at one time included a late 19th-century Victorian portico sheltering the main entrance; this has since been removed.</p><br>
<p>The Hurwood Company is a historic industrial complex at 379 Summer Street in Southington, Connecticut. Built beginning sometime before 1884, this complex of mainly brick buildings is typical of the town&#39;s industrial landscape of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and was where solid-headed screwdrivers were first manufactured. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hurwood Company complex is located north of the village center of Plantsville, on the east side of Summer Street near its junction with Cowles Street. It is separated from Summer Street by the Farmington Canal Heritage Trail, a former railroad right-of-way. Set on over 4 acre of land is a complex of more than dozen interconnected structures. Set perpendicular to the street are two brick buildings, the left one two stories in height and the right one one story tall. Attached to the left one at a right angle to its rear corner is a large steel forge shed with a monitor roof. Each of these buildings is encrusted with small buildings, and they are joined near the rear by a more modern structure.</p><br>
<p>The oldest buildings of this complex, the two brick buildings, were standing here by 1885, and were probably built by the Connecticut Motor Company, a maker of electric motors. In 1901 George Wood and John Hurley began production of solid-headed screwdrivers here; their company was purchased by Stanley Tools in 1905, continuing operations in the left brick building to make screwdrivers and chisels through the first half of the 20th century. The large forge building was added about 1915. The right brick building became part of Thompson Drop Forge, another local manufacturer. Industrial facilities of this type once dotted Southington&#39;s landscape, and are now becoming increasingly rare.</p><br>
<p>The Roswell Moore II House is a historic house at 1166 Andrews Street in Southington, Connecticut. Built about 1787, it is one of a small number of surviving 18th-century houses in the town, and is a well-preserved example of Georgian architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Roswell Moore II House is located in a rural-residential setting of northeastern Southington, on the west side of Andrews Street overlooking Wassell Reservoir. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. It rests on a foundation of ashlar cut brownstone. The main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance topped by a half-round fanlight and sheltered by a 19th-century gabled hood. The interior retains some of its original period features, include carved wood paneling, fireplaces, and the winding front staircase. The house&#39;s chimney is also distinctive, largely made out of brownstone instead of the more usual brick.</p><br>
<p>The house was built by Roswell Moore II, the son of one of Southingtons early settlers. It was probably built not long after his 1787 marriage. The house remained in the Moore family for three generations. Moores son Sheldon was instrumental in the establishment of the cement industry in Southington.</p><br>
<p>The Peck, Stow & Wilcox Factory was a historic factory complex at 217 Center Street in Southington, Connecticut. Begun in 1870, it was home to the town&#39;s largest industrial employer of the late 19th century. Surviving elements of the factory, dating to 1912, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. The complex, last used by Ideal Forging, was demolished in 2015 after it was shuttered in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Peck, Stow & Wilcox Factory complex was located west of the town center of Southington, and occupied most of a block bounded by Center, Water, and Mill Streets, and the railroad right-of-way now occupied by the Farmington Canal Heritage Trail. When it was described in 1989 for the National Register, its main buildings were a large forge with a sawtooth roof, and an equally large annealing building. These two were accompanied by an assortment of smaller one and two-story brick buildings. Buildings already demolished at that time included the company&#39;s original 1870 plant.</p><br>
<p>Peck, Stow & Wilcox was founded in 1870 by the merger of three different industrial tool manufacturers specializing in tin-processing equipment. The company grew rapidly, and was by 1890 producing a diversified array of tools. It was also the towns largest employer, its business leadership occupying positions of influence in the towns civic, social, and political spheres. The plant was substantially enlarged in 1912, which is the period when most of the buildings surviving in 1989 were built. By that time, the complex was operated by Ideal Forging. That company went bankrupt in 2003, and the plant was acquired by real estate developers not long afterward. Demolition of the premises took place in 2015, after hazardous materials were removed.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. J. Porter House is a historic house at 391 Belleview Avenue in Southington, Connecticut. Estimated to have been built about 1728, it is one of the towns few surviving 18th-century houses. It was home from 1754 home to one of the towns largest landowners. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Dr. J. Porter House stands in what is now a rural-suburban area south of Southington center, on the east side of Belleview Avenue just east of its junction with Meriden Avenue. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. It has a five-bay front facade, with the second floor projecting slightly beyond the first. The main entrance is at the center, flanked by sidelight windows and sheltered by a Greek Revival portico. The portico has fluted Doric columns rising to a plain entablature and a low-pitch hip roof. The interior retains a number of original features, including wide floorboards in some of its rooms, and four fireplaces, including one with a beehive oven. Also preserved is the original front staircase, a traditional colonial winding stair set in the front vestibule.</p><br>
<p>The house is estimated to have been built about 1728. It was purchased in 1754 by Dr. Joshua Porter at the time of his marriage; Porter was described as one of the town&#39;s largest landowners, and as a prominent owner of slaves. The Greek Revival portico is a 19th-century alteration.</p><br>
<p>The Pultz & Walkley Company, also known more recently as The Five Star Company, is a historic industrial complex at 120 West Main Street in the Plantsville village of Southington, Connecticut. Founded in the 1870s, Pultz & Walkley was a major producer of paper bags. The multi-building complex is one of the town&#39;s better-preserved industrial properties, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Pultz & Walkley complex is located on the south side of the central village of Plantsville. It is set well back from the street, behind a municipal parking lot and in front of the former Blakeslee Forging Company industrial complex. Its main buildings are tall 3-1/2 and 2-1/2 story brick buildings, oriented in a T shape with the leg of the T facing north toward West Main Street. These buildings are in typical late 19th-century commercial Italianate style, with windows set in segmented-arch openings, and with corbelled brickwork cornices. Smaller buildings have been attached to the southern side of the larger structure.</p><br>
<p>Pultz & Walkley was estalished in 1870 by L.V. Walkley and J.P. Pultz, who had invented machinery for manufacturing paper bags. The surviving main building of the complex is estimated to date to 1875, and was enlarged in 1898. The plant turned out 3 million bags in 1899. The well-preserved street-facing northern facade is a prominent reminder of Southington&#39;s industrial heritage.</p><br>
<p>The Old Center Burying Yard or Center Cemetery is a historic cemetery at 30 N. Main Street in West Hartford, Connecticut. Established in 1719, it was the towns first cemetery, and its only burying ground for about seventy years. Many of West Hartfords prominent early settlers are buried here, including Noah Webster Sr. and his wife Mercy . The oldest portion of the cemetery remained in regular use until 1868, with the last documented burial in its newer section in 1971. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>West Hartford&#39;s Old Center Burying Yard is located north of its commercial center area, on the east side of North Main Street. It is a roughly rectangular cemetery, bounded on three sides by chain-link fencing, and on the street-facing west side by a lower iron fence. The terrain is generally flat, and consists of a grassy areas dotted with mature trees. It has about 155 marked graves, the oldest of which date to 1722. In addition to the Webster family, notable burials include Bristol, a well-documented former slave who died in 1814.</p><br>
<p>West Hartford was at first established as a separate parish of Hartford in 1713, having first been settled in 1679. Its early deceased were most likely buried in Hartfords Ancient Burying Ground. In 1719 John Janes sold the town a parcel of land that now makes up the northern two-thirds of this cemetery. This land served as the communitys only burying ground until 1790. It was enlarged to its present size in the early 19th century by the acquisition of the formerly private Whitman family cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Beth Hamedrash Hagodol Synagogue was an Orthodox Jewish congregation located at 370 Garden Street in Hartford, Connecticut. Founded in 1905, the congregation built the Romanesque temple on Garden Street in 1921–22. The congregation merged with the Ateres Kneset Israel congregation in 1962 to form the United Synagogue of Greater Hartford, and moved to new quarters in West Hartford. Its building, listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architecture, is now home to the Greater Refuge Church of Christ.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Beth Hamedrash Hagodol building is located in Hartford&#39;s Clay-Arsenal neighborhood, on the east side of Garden Street north of Albany Avenue (United States Route 44). It is a brick building, two stories in height, with Romanesque styling. Its front facade has slightly projecting square corner towers, with paired narrow round-arch windows on each level. Stairs rise in between the towers to three entrances, each set in a rounded arch. On the second level above the entrances is a central circular window with Star of David tracery at its center, with flanking paired round-arch windows.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was established in 1905 on Hartford&#39;s East Side, originally meeting in a space on Wooster Street. In 1921 it merged with Sharah Torah, another Orthodox congregation, and the combination built this synagogue in 1922 to be nearer the homes of its congregants. The building was designed by Julius Berenson and Jacob Moses, Jewish architects active in Hartford. It was the first of two synagogues they are known to have designed; the other was located on Greenfield Street. The congregation was again merged with other Orthodox congregations in the 1960s, which established the United Synagogue of Greater Hartford in West Hartford. This building is now owned by the Greater Refuge Church of Christ.</p><br>
<p>Chevry Lomday Mishnayes Synagogue is a historic former synagogue building at 148-150 Bedford Street in Hartford, Connecticut. Built in 1924, it is unusual for an ecclesiastical structure in that its design appears to be based on that of an apartment house. It housed an Orthodox Jewish congregation until 1963, and now houses the local House of God Church. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 for its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Chevry Lomday Mishnayes Synagogue stands in Hartford&#39;s Clay-Arsenal neighborhood north of the downtown, at the southeast corner of Mather and Bedford Streets. It is a masonry structure, built out of red brick with trim of orange and yellow brick. It is three stories in height, with a shallow-pitch gabled roof. Upper story widnows are set in round-arch openings, framed by soldier bricks; the windows on the front facade second story have keystones. On the front facade there are round windows at the center of the second and third floors; the second floor window has been filled with a panel housing a cross, while the third floor window shows a Star of David.</p><br>
<p>Chevry Lomday Mishnayes ("Society for Study of Mishnah"), an Orthodox Jewish congregation, was organized in 1918, and met in a variety of quarters before this synagogue was built in 1924. It has as its shell a basic three-story apartment house design, with its principal modification the shapes of the second and third-floor windows. The congregation remained here until 1963, when it moved to a private residence. It has since been occupied by Christian groups, most recently the House of God.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Jefferson Hale General Merchandise Store is a historic commercial building in rural south-central White County, Arkansas. It is located south of Searcy, at the southwest corner of the junction of County Roads 62 and 433 , known locally as Vinity Corner. It is a single-story wood frame structure, finished with sheet metal siding, instead of brick that was more typically used for commercial construction. Its front faces east, with three fixed windows flanking a double-door entry, and a shed-roof porch extending across its width. It was built about 1925, when the area was more prosperous than it is now, and is its only surviving commercial remnant.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Marker Wadden is a project aimed at creating islands in the Markermeer in the Netherlands. The first island was inaugurated on September 24th, 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Project</h2><br>
<p>The project was presented in 2012, by the Vereniging Natuurmonumenten. The Dutch government, BirdLife Netherlands, ANWB and VNO-NCW are partners.</p><br>
<p>Works on the first phase, which is mainly focused on the construction of the first island, started in April 2016, Boskalis Westminster has been awarded the contract for this phase.</p><br>
<p>The main aims are to create breeding grounds, islands and coast line and to improve the water ecology of the Markermeer. The project creates a wetland, comparable with the Wadden Sea (hence the name of the project), but without tides because the Markermeer is not connected to the sea and in a fresh water environment.</p><br>
<p>The new nature reserve will be accessible to tourists.</p><br>
<p>On 11 May 2016, the first square metres of land emerged, which Natuurmonumenten called a milestone. In March 2017 it was announced that four other islands should be completed before 2020.</p><br>
<h2>Critical views</h2><br>
<p>The ecologist claimed he first had the idea in 1996 and talks about plagiarism.</p><br>
<p>The Helvig–Olson Farm Historic District is an agricultural historic district located in rural Clinton County, Iowa, United States, 3 mi southwest of the town of Grand Mound. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Helvig–Olson family originally immigrated from Kvinnherad Parish in Norway to Kendall County, Illinois. They then moved to Olive Township, Clinton County, Iowa in the late 1850s and early 1860s. John J. Helvig bought the original 80 acre of this farm in 1864. His half-brother John Olson, one of the founding members of the Kvindherred Lutheran Church located 1 mi west of the farmstead, had bought a nearby farm two years prior.</p><br>
<p>The surnames of first generation Norwegian immigrants was somewhat inconsistent. It was the custom in rural Norway to give a child three names when they were born: a Christian (first) name, a patronymic surname that included the father&#39;s first name, and a third name that was the farm on which the family lived whether they owned it or not. The surname was gender-specific. For example, Oleson was used for a boy and Olesdatter for a girl. After they arrived in America, Norwegians were encouraged to choose either their patronymic surname or their place name as their American surname, but not both. The female version of the patronymic name, -datter, was replaced by -son or -sen for single women. It could be confusing as the first generation used the names interchangeably. John Olson, the half-brother of John Helvig, was also referred to as John O. Helvig. "Olson" was their Americanized patronymic surname and "Helvig" was the farm on which they were both born.</p><br>
<p>The Helvig–Olson family prospered here. Helvig had increased the size of the farm to 380 acre by 1864. Starting in 1870 John Olson wrote letters to his brother in Norway stating, "Your children can now earn their own living by feeding and clothing themselves over here and also be of help to you parents." Nils Olai Olson, John Olson&#39;s only son, bought the Helvig farm in 1901. He consolidated the two farms under his ownership and it made him one of the largest landowners in Olive Township. The farm, reduced to 237 acre, was eventually acquired by Joel Olson, a great-grand-nephew of John J. Helvig. He owned it at the time the farm was listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The historic district is limited to 4.3 acre of the original farm. On it are eight buildings, six of which were built between 1928 and 1943. On the north side of the farmstead is a large machine shed, clad in steel, that was built in 1978. It is the only non-contributing structure on the farmstead.</p><br>
<p>The land of the farmstead itself is a contributing property. On the west side and a small section of the north side is a windbreak of shade trees in the yard. The oldest trees were planted in 1910 and more were added in 1960. A long lane connects the farmstead with 260th Street.</p><br>
<p>The farm land is relatively flat and at one time had marshes on it that have been, for the most part, drained. There is a spring located on the original farm, to the northeast of the farmstead. It is the source for Barber Creek, which is a tributary of the Wapsipinicon River to the south. It was also a water source for several farms in the area before wells were drilled for that purpose. The first settlers did their laundry at the site. In 1912, drainage tiles and ditches were installed on the farm. Trees have subsequently grown up in the area of the spring and two ponds were created to the south in 1933 and 1937.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The original house dates from the 1860s and was converted into a garage in 1940. It was built as a Norwegian-American Akerhusisk plan house. The two-story frame structure has been altered on the main level to create two large openings on the south side. The second floor remains intact. The original secondary entrance and several of the house&#39;s original windows also remain in use. The structure was moved to its current location when a new house was built.</p><br>
<p>The current house was built in 1930 on the location of the original house. It is a basic American Four-Square structure with Craftsman influences on the front porch. It is capped with a Prairie-style low pitch roof with low profile dormers on the south and west sides, and wide eaves. The two-story square structure is clad in wood lap siding. The house is built on a limestone foundation that is faced with brick on the exterior. In addition to the front porch there is also a side porch, a rear service entrance, and a small projecting window bay off the dining room. The house was built by Will Ehlers, who was also responsible for similar houses in the area.</p><br>
<p>The farm building were built along the east side of the farmstead. They were all painted red with white trim until around 1940 when they were all painted white.</p><br>
<p>The oldest farm building is the hog house built in 1928. The 28 by structure includes a holding pen, pasture, and exercise area. The building features a gambrel roof with two rows of eight skylights on both sides, two ventilators on the roof peak and a large sliding door on the west side.</p><br>
<p>The barn is 74 ft south of the hog house. The 38 by structure was built by Will Ehlers in 1937. It also has a gambrel roof with two dormers on the south side and a ventilator at the roof peak. The frame structure is built on a concrete foundation, the exterior walls are covered with vertical tongue-and-groove fir. The interior&#39;s ground level has a central passage. The horse stalls and calf pen were located on the north side and dairy cow stalls were the south. The upper level originally had two 10 by grain bins on one end, but it was later converted into a single loft that was used for hay storage. Like the hog building, it also has its own has holding pen, pasture, and exercise area.</p><br>
<p>To the south and east of the barn is a cattle "loafing" shed. The 24 by structure was built in 1943 of wood-frame construction. It features an off-center gable roof and a sliding door on the west side, and has four open bays that face south on the interior.</p><br>
<p>The final major farm building is a double corn crib, built in 1941. It was constructed by L. P. Huetter, a contractor from Calamus, Iowa. The 30 by structure is of wood construction. It is composed of a 5,000-bushel grain bin between two 4,000-bushel cribs. It is capped with a gambrel roof and a gambrel roof cupola that houses elevator machinery that lifts ear corn and grain and directs them into the cribs. The floor of the building is composed of concrete and the walls are beveled pine boards, or cribbing, that are spaced to allow for ventilation.</p><br>
<p>The Hamlin County Courthouse, located at 300 4th Street in Hayti, is the county courthouse serving Hamlin County, South Dakota. The courthouse was completed in 1916, two years after the Hamlin county seat was moved to Hayti from Castlewood by popular vote. Architects William W. Rose and David B. Peterson of Kansas City, Missouri designed the courthouse; their Classical Revival design was typical of contemporary courthouse architecture in South Dakota. The four-story limestone building features four Ionic columns along the front facade and an entablature with an egg-and-dart frieze and a dentillated cornice. The building has served as the seat of county government since its opening.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 12, 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Nimba Range forms part of the southern extent of the Guinea Highlands. The highest peak is Mount Richard-Molard on the border of Côte d&#39;Ivoire and Guinea, at 1,752 m . "Mount Nimba" may refer either to Mount Richard-Molard or to the entire range. Other peaks include Grand Rochers at 1694 m , Mont Sempéré at 1682 m , Mont Piérré Richaud at 1670 m , Mont Tô at 1675 m , and Mont LeClerc 1577 m , all of them are located in Guinea. Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve of Guinea and Côte d&#39;Ivoire covers significant portions of the Nimba Range.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Nimba Range is a narrow ridge extending approximately 40 km long, with an orientation of northeast-southwest. It is composed mostly of Precambrian rock, including granite and quartzite which contain deposits of iron ore. Mining of top-quality iron-ore poses the major threat to the unique geomorphology and wildlife. There are about fifty springs, including the origins of the Cavally, Cestos, and Sassandra Rivers.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Rainfall varies greatly with elevation and season. About 3,000 mm of rain falls at the highest altitudes, and between 700-1,200 mm at the lower elevations. In fact, some parts of the mountain receive less precipitation, due to rain-shadow effect of the high ridge. Most of the rainfall occurs between May and October.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The Nimba Range harbours an especially rich flora and fauna, and it is the home of more than 2000 vascular plant species, 317 vertebrate species, 107 of which are mammals, and to more than 2,500 invertebrate species. Notably endemic vertebrates are Nimba viviparous toad (Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis), Lamotte&#39;s roundleaf bat (Hipposideros lamottei), and Nimba otter shrew (Micropotamogale lamottei). Other rare and endangered animals are West African lion (Panthera leo senegalensis), pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis), zebra duiker (Cephalophus zebra), and western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) that uses stones as tools.</p><br>
<p>Terrestrial ecoregions include Western Guinean lowland forest, Guinean montane forest, Guinean forest-savanna mosaic, and West Sudanian savanna. The Nimba Range is a part of a distinct freshwater ecoregion with a high portion of endemic aquatic species.</p><br>
<h3>Terrestrial</h3><br>
<p>The plant communities vary with altitude and cardinal orientation.</p><br>
<p>The Guinean montane forests ecoregion covers the portion of the range above 600 meters elevation. Major plant communities in the ecoregion include montane grasslands and savannas, cloud forests, and lower montane forests. High-altitude grasslands and montane savannas cover the highest peaks, dominated by the grass Loudetia kagerensis. The grasslands are home to one endemic fern, Asplenium schnellii, and two endemic flowering plants, Osbeckia porteresii and Blaeria nimbana. Shrubs, including Protea occidentalis, inhabit the slopes. The endemic frog species Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis, which inhabits the montane grasslands of the range, is totally viviparous. The Guinea Screeching Frog (Arthroleptis crusculum) is a threatened species found on Mt. Nimba and other peaks in the Guinea Highlands. It is found in high-altitude grassland and in gallery forests during the dry season. Ptychadena submascareniensis is another frog species that has been found only on Mount Nimba and in the Loma Mountains of Sierra Leone. Below the highest peaks, montane grasslands interspersed by gallery forests, between 1,200-1,400 meters. Above 900 meters elevation, near-daily mist and clouds support cloud forests, dominated by the Guinea Plum tree (Parinari excelsa), trees of the Myrtle family (Myrtaceae), including Syzygium guineense, and species of Ochna and Gaertnera. The moist climate supports many epiphytes, including an endemic orchid, Rhipidoglossum paucifolium. Lower montane forests of Lophira procera, Tarrietia utilis, Mapania spp., Chlorophora regia, Morus mesozygia, and Terminalia ivorensis occur between 600 and 900 meters elevation.</p><br>
<p>Below 600 meters, the montane forests transition to the Western Guinean lowland forests ecoregion.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is surrounded by Guinean forest-savanna mosaic, and West Sudanian savanna.</p><br>
<h3>Freshwater</h3><br>
<p>Swift-running streams descend steep slopes of the range, and often experience torrential floods during the rainy season. Rheophytes, plants that can live in running water, dominate the aquatic vegetation.</p><br>
<p>The endemic aquatic animals in the Nimba Range includes frogs, fish, the Nimba Stream Crab (Liberonautes nimba), and the endangered Nimba otter shrew (Micropotamogale lamottei). The African clawless otter (Aonyx capensis) also inhabits the mountain streams.Species richness is high among aquatic invertebrates, including 81 species of dragonflies.</p><br>
<p>The WWF designates the Nimba Range a distinct freshwater ecoregion because of its moderate species richness and high proportion of endemic aquatic species, particularly among fish and amphibians. The Nimba Range&#39;s high elevation, its rapids and waterfalls that isolate habitat areas, and the stability of the aquatic environment, have promoted speciation.</p><br>
<p>The Guinean Highlands, of which the Nimba Range are part, separate the coastal rivers and streams of Upper Guinea from the upper Niger River basin. The highlands form a barrier to movement of aquatic species between these freshwater regions. The fish fauna of the Nimba Range shares affinities with that of Upper Guinea.</p><br>
<h2>Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve</h2><br>
<p>In 1943, the colonial government established a Strict Nature Reserve in the Côte dIvoire section of the range. It was extended into Guinea the following year. The area remained protected after Guinea and Côte dIvoire became independent. UNESCO declared Mount Nimba a biosphere reserve in 1980, and a World Heritage Site shortly thereafter.</p><br>
<p>The Thacher-Goodale House is a historic house at 121 North Street in Saco, Maine. Built in 1827, it is a sophisticated early expression of Greek Revival architecture, retaining significant Federal period details. Built for George Thacher, Jr., a lawyer, it was owned for many years by members of the Goodale family, most notably the botanist George Lincoln Goodale. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Thacher-Goodale House is located in a predominantly residential area north of downtown Saco, on the east side of North Street (Maine State Route 112) just south of its junction with Maine State Route 5. It is a -story brick structure, with a front (south-facing) gable roof. The front facade is dominated by a two-story Greek temple front, with narrow Doric columns supporting a fully pedimented gable with a sash window in its center. The street-facing left side of the house is four bays long, all sash windows. The main entrance is set in the rightmost bay on the front, with flanking sidelights and a Federal-style fan above. An ell extends to the right of the main block.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1827–28 for George Thacher, Jr., son of George Thacher, one of Maines first Maine Supreme Judicial Court justices. Thacher sold the house in 1841 to Stephen L. Goodale, a businessman and horticulturalist who served as Maines Secretary of Agrictulture. Goodale&#39;s son, George Lincoln Goodale, was born here, and also became a noted botanist, with appointments at Bowdoin College and Harvard University. It was during his tenure at Harvard that the university, through his efforts, acquired the unique glass flower collection on display at its Museum of Natural History.</p><br>
<p>The Samuel Gilmer House is a historic house and farm property at 2410 East Main Street, just outside the Lebanon town limits in Russell County, Virginia, United States. It is a two story brick building, set on a limestone foundation, with a side gable roof. A single-story porch extends across the front, supported by round columns. The front is three bays wide, with a center entrance topped by a transom window. The interior follows a typical center-hall plan, and has much original Federal-period finish, including the staircase and fireplace mantels. The property includes the ruins of an 1848 covered bridge that once spanned Big Cedar Creek. Built about 1820, it is one of the few Federal period houses to survive in southwestern Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<p>Airdrie, a.k.a. Petway House or the Buell-King House, is a historic house and former plantation in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Built as a log house from 1797 to 1808, it was a Southern plantation with African slaves in the Antebellum era. After the American Civil War, it belonged to Union veterans.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>It is located at 3210 Avenal Avenue in South-East Nashville, the county seat of Davidson County, Tennessee.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land belonged to John Foreman until it was acquired by William Coldwell in 1797. The construction of the two-story log house began in 1797, and it was completed c. 1808. It included an adjacent log cabin and a horse barn.</p><br>
<p>In 1808, Coldwell sold the house to Congressman William Dickson, who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1801 to 1807. In 1817, it was purchased by Congressman Thomas Claiborne, who served in the House of Representatives from 1817 to 1819. However, Claiborne sold the house in 1818 to Justice Gilbert Gray Washington, who served in the Tennessee Supreme Court.</p><br>
<p>In 1825, the house was purchased by Hinchey Petway (1776-1856), a merchant active in Franklin, Tennessee who remained the owner throughout the 1830s and 1840s. Today, the Hincheyville Historic District in Franklin is named for Petway. Petway added more land, coming up to 431 acres, and he owned African slaves, who worked on what was by then a Southern plantation. He lived there with his wife, Susanna Caroline Parrish Petway, and their seven children. When Petway died in 1856, the house was willed to his widow and their children. It remained in the Petway family during the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>In 1866-1867, the house was purchased by Judge John S. Brien. When he died in 1867, the house was inherited by his widow, Rochie Howard Brien (1840-1930), who lived there until her death. She shared the house with her daughter Rochie, her son-in-law, Union Colonel George P. Buell, who was General Buells cousin and became the owner of the house, and her grandson, Don Carlos Buell II. Buell hired architect George Norton to redesign the house in the Neoclassical architectural style circa 1910. Norton added poplar weatherboard, a front porch, and a grand staircase inside the house. Meanwhile, Don Carlos Buell II married Ruth Norton, the architects sister, and they lived in the house until the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>In 1953, Ward Allen, a Professor of English at Vanderbilt University, purchased the house from Ruth Norton Buell. He welcomed meetings of St Matthias Episcopal Church and lived here with his wife Peggy until 1958, when they sold the house to Charles Toney and his wife Josephine. In 1963, the house was purchased by R. Harold King and his wife, Dorothy. The Kings renovated the house.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural significance</h2><br>
<p>It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 15, 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Enfield Town Meetinghouse is a historic Greek Revival style meeting house located on Enfield Street at South Road in Enfield, Connecticut. Built in 1773-74, and moved and restyled in 1848, it hosted the municipal government until the 1920s. Now managed by the local historical society as a museum, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Enfield Town Meetinghouse occupies a prominent location in the historic town center of Enfield, on the west side of Enfield Street (United States Route 5) just north of its junction with South Street, and across the street from the Fourth Congregational Church. It is a two-story wood frame structure, with a front-facing gabled roof, and clapboarded exterior. It is set on a brick foundation. The front facade is its most distinguished feature, resembling a Greek temple portico with four fluted Ionic columns supporting an entablature and fully pedimented gable. There are three entrances, the outer two identical single-leaf doorways topped by transom windows and framed by Greek Revival pilasters and corniced entablature. The center entrance is a double-leaf entry with similar surround but no transom.</p><br>
<p>The meetinghouse was built in 1773-74 by a local builder named Isaac Kirby, and was based on a similar building in East Windsor. Originally located across the street, it was moved to its present location in 1848, at which time its Greek Revival features were also added. It served as the community&#39;s town hall and principal meeting place until the 1920s, after which it served as a community meeting space, hosting dances, parties, and other events. It is now maintained by the local historical society as a museum.</p><br>
